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1、美国名人黑人女作家佐拉尼尔赫斯顿WriterZoraNealeHurstontoldAboutAfrican-AmericanLifeintheSouthplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-16:21repeatByCynthiaKirk2006-4-8(THEME)VOICEONE:mMaryTillotson.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwiththeVOASpecialEnglishprogramPEOPLEINAMERICA.Today,wetellaboutwriterZoraNealeHurston.Shewasoneofthemostrecog
2、nizedblackwomenwriters.Shewrotesevenbooksandmorethanonehundredshortstories,playsandarticlesformagazines.(THEME)VOICEONE:ZoraNealeHurstonwasbornineighteenninety-oneinNotasulga,Alabama.Ashorttimelater;herfamilymovedtoEatonville,asmalltownincentralFlorida.AllofthepeopleofEatonvillewereAfrican-American.
3、ThetownshapedHurstonslifeandherwriting.Asachild,shewouldlistencloselytothestoriestoldbytheadultsinthetown.SeveralofherbookstakeplaceincommunitiesverysimilartoEatonville.Thepeopleshewroteaboutinherbooksareverysimilartopeoplesheknewthere.Zorawasbornatatimeofracialtensionsbetweenblacksandwhitesinthesou
4、thernUnitedStates.Butsheneverfeltangryaboutbeingblack.Inherstories,shedescribedEatonvilleasaplacewhereblackAmericanscouldliveastheypleased.ZoraNealeHurstonwasknownforherabilitytotellastory.Storytellingisanimportantpartofmanyculturaltraditions.African-Americanstorytellingisastrongfamilytraditionthatd
5、atesbackhundredsofyears.Itisawayforpeopletoestablishtheiridentitiesinoftenunfriendlyareasastheystruggletoholdtheircommunitiestogether.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ZoraNealeHurstonwasthefifthofeightchildren.Zorasmotherwasaschoolteacher.Herfatherwasabuilderandachurchpreacher.HealsobecamethemayorofEatonville.Zorasm
6、otherdiedinnineteen-oh-four,whenZorawasthirteenyearsold.HermothersdeathseverelyaffectedZoraslife.Shewasrejectedbyherfatherandhissecondwife.Zorawasforcedtotakecareofherself.SheleftEatonvilleandmovednorthwhenshewasfourteenyearsold.Sheworkedforatravelingtheatercompany.Shealsoworkedasamaid,cleaningtheho
7、mesofwhitepeople.OneofheremployersrecognizedZorasabilities.ShemadeitpossibleforhertoattendhighschoolinBaltimore,Maryland.Zorawastwenty-sixyearsoldwhenshebeganhighschool.Butshesaidshewasonlysixteen.Throughoutherlife,sheoftensaidshewasyoungerthanshereallywas.VOICEONE:Innineteeneighteen,ZoraNealeHursto
8、nattendedHowardUniversityinWashington,D.C.ShestudiedwithAlainLocke.Hewasaprofessorofphilosophyandanexpertonblackculture.Sheearnedmoneybyworkingasamaidanddoingotherwork.HurstonpublishedherfirstshortstoriesatHowardUniversity.HerstorieswereaboutblackfolkloreandlifeinEatonville.Shewonprizesforherwriting
9、sthatwerepublishedinnewspapersandmagazines.TheearlynineteentwentiesmarkedthebeginningofZoraNealeHurstonslifeasawriter.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:Innineteentwenty-five,HurstontraveledtoNewYorkCity.ThiswasduringtheperiodknownastheHarlemRenaissance.HarlemisafamousareainNewYork.TheHarlemRenaissancewasaperiodinwhic
10、hblackartistsexploredtheircultureandshowedprideintheirrace.Thiswasexpressedinliterature,musicandotherartforms.HurstonandherstoriesaboutEatonvillebecameimportantduringtheHarlemRenaissance.Shemetotheryoungblackwritersofthetime,suchaspoetLangstonHughes.HurstonbecamethefirstblackstudenttoattendBarnardCo
11、llegeinNewYork.ShestudiedwithanthropologistFranzBoas.Shebecameinterestedinanthropology-thestudyoftheorigin,developmentandactionsofhumans.BoasrecognizedHurstonsstorytellingabilityanddeepinterestintheblackcultureoftheSouth.Heurgedhertodomoreresearchthere.VOICEONE:Hurstonreceivedfinancialsupportformost
12、ofherresearchfromawealthywomaninNewYorknamedCharlotteOsgoodMason.Duringthenextseveralyears,HurstontraveledinFloridaandtheCaribbeantocollectandwritestoriesaboutwhatshesaw.Shelearnedaboutthetraditionsofthepeopleshemet.Shespokewithmenandwomen,youngandold,collectingtheirstoriesintheirownwords.Shewantedt
13、okeepthelanguageexactlyastheytoldit.Manyofthestorieswerelikethoseshehadheardasachild.VOICETWO:Innineteenthirty-six,HurstontraveledtoJamaicaandHaitiwithafinancialawardfromtheGuggenheimFoundation.TheCaribbeanpeopleacceptedherasoneofthem.Theyspokewithherfreely,evenaboutreligioustraditions.InHaiti,shele
14、arnedagreatdealaboutthevoodooreligion.Hurstonpublishedtwoimportantcollectionsofstoriesbasedonherresearch.TheywereMulesandMenandTellMyHorse.Bothexaminedthevoodooreligion.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:ZoraNealeHurstonpublishedherfirstbook,JonahsGourdVine/innineteenthirty-four.ThestorytakesplaceinasmallFloridatown.I
15、tisabouttwopeoplesimilartoherparents.Hersecondbook,TheirEyesWereWatchingGod,waspublishedthreeyearslater.Itiswidelyconsideredhermostimportantwork.ShewrotethebookinsevenweekswhileshewastravelinginHaiti.Itisthestoryofablackwomanssearchforhappinessandhertrueidentity,duringtwenty-fiveyearsandthreemarriag
16、es.Innineteenforty-two,Hurstonpublishedastoryaboutherownlife,calledDustTracksonaRoad.Butthebookwaswidelycriticized.Literaryexpertssaiditwasfulloffalseinformation.Otherssaiditaddedtothemysterysurroundingthewriter.HurstonslasttwonovelswerethebiblicalstoryMoses,ManoftheMountainandSeraphontheSuwanee.Thi
17、swastheonlybookshewroteaboutwhitepeople.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:ZoraNealeHurstonsstorieswereaboutthepain-filledandsometimesmagicalworldthatsurroundedblacksintheSouth.Thestoriestellaboutfaith,Iovezfamily,slavery,raceandcommunity.Theyalsoincludehumor.Hurstonwaswellknownforherwriting.Shealsobecameknownforherou
18、tspokenopinions,herclothingandthegreatprideshehadinherselfandherrace.Shewasmarriedthreetimes.Butshefounditimpossibletosettledown.Herhusbandsusuallyexpectedhertogiveupherwriting.Butshesaidthatwastheonethingshecouldnotdo.VOICEONE:Hurstonreceivedpraiseforherworkbybothblacksandwhites.Butnoteveryoneenjoy
19、edherwork.SomeofthewritersoftheHarlemRenaissancecriticizedherforwritingaboutblackcultureinsteadofrelationsbetweentheraces.ManyblacksalsorejectedHurstonspoliticalideasandhersupportforracialseparationlawsintheSouth.Hurston,however,madenoapologiesforherwork.Shesaidtherichnessofblackcultureexistedtobeen
20、joyed,celebratedandmadeintoliterature.VOICETWO:Duringthelatenineteenforties,shebegantopublishlessandless.Shewasarrestedandchargedwithsexualwrongdoingwithaten-year-oldboy.Thechargeswerelaterdropped,buttheeventaffectedherworkandherlife.Innineteenfifty,HurstonreturnedtoFlorida.Althoughherworkwasquitepo
21、pular,shewasunabletomakealivingwithherwriting.Inherlateryears,sheworkedasateacher,alibrarianandasmaid.Innineteenfifty-nine,HurstonsufferedastrokeandenteredanursinghomeinFortPierce,Florida.Shediedthereayearlaterandwasburiedinanunmarkedgrave.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Today,ZoraNealeHurstonhasnotbeenforgotten.Sh
22、einfluencedotherAfrican-Americanfemalewriters,includingAliceWalker.BecauseofWalkersefforts,Hurstonsworkwasrediscoveredinthenineteenseventies.Duringthenineteennineties,herbookTheirEyesWereWatchingGod1soldmorethanonemillioncopies.ManyyoungpeopleinAmericanschoolsarereadingthebook.Inaddition,twoofHursto
23、nsplayshavebeenproduced.Newbookshavebeenwrittenabouther.Andherworkandlifearethesubjectofmanystudies,conferencesandfestivals.Innineteenseventy-three,AliceWalkerplacedamarkerinFortPierce,Florida,whereHurstonisbelievedtobeburied.Thestonereads,ZoraNealeHurston,AGeniusoftheSouth.(THEME)VOICETWO:ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenandproducedbyCynthiaKirk.mSteveEmber.VOICEONE:AndmMaryTillotson.JoinusagainnextweekforanotherPEOPLEINAMERICAprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.
