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1、美国名人民权运动领袖马丁路德金2ReverendMartinLutherKing,Junior,Pt.2playstopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:46repeatByWilliamRogers2005-1-22ANNCR:PeopleinAmerica,aprograminSpecialEnglishontheVoiceofAmerica.(Theme)Today,ShepONealandWarrenScheerfinishthestoryofcivilrightsleader,ReverendMartinLutherKing,Junior.(THEME)VOICEONE:M
2、artinLutherKingwasborninAtlanta,Georgia,innineteentwenty-nine.Hebeganhisuniversitystudieswhenhewasfifteenyearsold,andreceivedadoctoratedegreeinreligion.HebecameapreacheratachurchinMontgomery,Alabama.Innineteenfifty-five,ablackwomaninMontgomerywasarrestedforsittinginthewhitepartofacitybus.DoctorKingb
3、ecametheleaderofaprotestagainstthecitybussystem.Itwasthefirsttimethatblacksouthernershadunitedagainstthelawsofracialseparation.VOICETWO:Atfirst,thewhitecitizensofMontgomerydidnotbelievethattheprotestwouldwork.Theythoughtmostblackswouldbeafraidtofightagainstracialseparation.Butthebusesremainedempty.S
4、omewhitesusedtrickstotrytoendtheprotest.TheyspreadfalsestoriesaboutMartinLutherKingandotherprotestleaders.OnestoryaccusedMartinofstealingmoneyfromthecivilrightsmovement.Anotherstorychargedthatprotestleadersrodeincarswhileotherprotestershadtowalk.Butthetricksdidnotwork,andtheprotestcontinued.VOICEONE
5、:DoctorKingswifeCorettadescribedhowsheandherhusbandfeltduringtheprotest.Shesaid:Weneverknewwhatwasgoingtohappennext.Wefeltlikeactorsinaplaywhoseendingwedidnotknow.Yetwefeltapartofhistory.AndwebelievedwewereinstrumentsofthewillofGod.ThewhitecitizensblamedDoctorKingforstartingtheprotest.Theythoughtitw
6、ouldendifhewasinprisonordead.DoctorKingwasarrestedtwiceonfalsecharges.Hisarrestsmadenationalnewsandhewasreleased.Butthethreatsagainsthislifecontinued.VOICETWO:TheMontgomerybusboycottlastedthreehundredeighty-twodays.Finally,theUnitedStatesSupremeCourtruledthatracialseparationwasillegalintheMontgomery
7、bussystem.MartinLutherKingandhisfollowershadwontheirstruggle.Themanymonthsofmeetingsandprotestmarcheshadmadevictorypossible.Theyalsogaveblacksanewfeelingofprideandunity.Theysawthatpeacefulprotest,MahatmaGandhisideaofnon-violence,couldbeusedasatooltowintheirlegalrights.VOICEONE:1.ifedidnotreturntonor
8、malforDoctorKingaftertheprotestwasover.Hehadbecomewell-knownalloverthecountryandthroughouttheworld.Heoftenwasaskedtospeakabouthisideasonnon-violence.BothblackandwhiteAmericanssoonbegantofollowhisteachings.Groupswereformedthroughoutthesouthtoprotestpeacefullyagainstracialseparation.Thecivilrightsmove
9、mentspreadsofastthatagroupofblackchurchmenformedanorganizationtoguideit.TheorganizationwascalledtheSouthernChristianLeadershipConference.MartinLutherKingbecameitspresident.Inhisjob,DoctorKinghelpedorganizemanyprotestsinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.Blacksdemandedtobeservedinareaswhereonlywhiteswe
10、repermittedtoeat.Andtheyrodeintrainsandbusesformerlyforwhitesonly.Theseprotestsbecameknownasfreedomrides.Manyofthefreedomridesturnedviolent.Blackactivistswerebeatenandarrested.Somewereevenkilled.VOICETWO:Innineteensixty-three,theblackcitizensofBirminghamrefusedtobuygoodsfromthestoresinthecity.Theyde
11、mandedmorejobsforblacks.Andtheydemandedtosendtheirchildrentowhiteschools.Thewhitecitizenswereangryandafraid,buttheyrefusedtomeettheblacksdemands.Thesituationbecametense.Manyprotestorswerebeatenandarrested.EvenDoctorKingwasarrested.Buthewasnotinprisonforlong.TheBirminghamdemonstrationsmadeinternation
12、alnews.Whitessoonsawthatitwaseasiertomeetthedemandsoftheprotestorsthantofightthem.MartinLutherKingandhisfollowershadwonanimportantvictoryinBirmingham.Itmarkedaturningpointforthecivilrightsmovement.MartinLutherKingrecognizedtheimportanceofBirmingham.Itdidnotmeanthatracialseparationhadended.Somestillr
13、emainstoday.Buthefeltthatthebattlewasalmostwon.Andhewantedtocallonthenationforitssupport.SodoctorkingorganizedaMarchonWashington,D.C.TheMarchonWashingtontookplaceinAugustznineteensixty-three.Abouttwohundredfiftythousandpersonsgatheredthere.TheycametodemandmorejobsandfreedomforblackAmericans.Therewer
14、etobemanyothermarchesinWashingtonduringthenineteensixtiesandearlyseventies.Butthiswasthebiggestuptothattime.VOICEONE:ItwasinWashingtonthatMartinLutherKinggaveoneofhismostfamousspeeches.ThespeechisknownastheIHaveaDreamSpeech.Itexpressedhisideasforthefuture.Doctorkingsaid:(Ihaveadream)VOICETWO:MartinL
15、utherKingreceivedtheNobelPeacePrizeinnineteensixty-four.Buthedidnotlivetoseethefinalresultsofhislifeswork.HewasshottodeathinMemphis,Tennessee,innineteensixty-eight.DoctorKingalwaysfelthewoulddieaviolentdeath.Hislifehadbeenthreatenedwhereverhewent.Andheoftenspoketohiswifeabouthisfears.Butheneverbelie
16、vedthathislifewasmoreimportantthanthecivilrightsmovement.Thenightbeforehediedhespoketohissupporters.Hesaid:(Speechtosupporters)(WeShallOvercome)(THEME)ANNCR:YouhavebeenlisteningtothestoryofcivilrightsleaderMartinLutherKing,Junior.ThisSpecialEnglishprogramwaswrittenbyWilliamRodgers.YournarratorswereShepONealandWarrenScheer.mDougJohnson.ListenagainnextweekatthistimeforanotherPeopleinAmericaprogramontheVoiceofAmerica.(THEME)
