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1、美国名人摄影家玛格丽特伯克怀特2PhotographerMargaretBourke-WhiteHelpedCreatetheModernArtofPhotojournalismplaystopmutemaxvolume00:00-14:59repeatByShelleyGollust2006-5-20(THEME)VOICEONE:mBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmberwithPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.TodaywecompleteourreportaboutphotographerMargaretBourke-
2、White.Shehelpedcreatethemodernartofphotojournalism.(THEME)VOICEONE:MargaretBourke-Whitebeganhercareerasanindustrialphotographerintheearlynineteenthirties.Herpicturescapturedthebeautyandpowerofmachines.Theytoldastory-oneimageatatime.Thetechniquebecameknowasthephotographicessay.Innineteenthirty-six,Am
3、ericanpublisherHenryLucestartedanewmagazine,calledLife,basedonthephotographicessay.Inthismagazine,thepicturestoldthestory.Bourke-WhitehadworkedasaphotographerforoneofLucesothermagazines,calledFortune.Lucechosehertoworkonhisnewmagazine.VOICETWO:MargaretBourke-Whitetookthepicturethatappearedonthefirst
4、coverofLifemagazine.ItwasapictureofanewdambeingbuiltinthewesternstateofMontana.Thelightontheroundedsupportsshowedthedamsgreatstrength.Thesmallshapesoftwomenatthebottomshowedthedamshugesize.Bourke-Whitewasnolongersatisfiedjusttoshowtheproductsofindustryinherpictures,asshehadinthepast.Shewantedtotellt
5、hestoryofthepeoplebehindtheindustry:Inthiscase,thepeoplewhowerebuildingthedam.VOICEONE:ThedaminMontanawasafederalproject.Tenthousandpeopleworkedonit.Bourke-Whitetookpicturesofthosepeople-atthedam,intheroomswheretheylived,andintheplaceswheretheyhadfun.WithherpicturesinLifemagazine,shetoldastoryaboutA
6、mericasWildWestinthetwentiethcentury.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MargaretBourke-Whitewasasocialactivist.ShewasamemberoftheAmericanArtistsCongress.Theseartistssupportedstatefinancialaidforthearts.TheyfoughtdiscriminationagainstAfrican-Americanartists.AndtheysupportedartistsfightingagainstfascisminEurope.Inthenin
7、eteenthirties,Bourke-WhitemettheAmericanwriterErskineCaldwell.CaldwellwasknownforhisstoriesaboutpeopleintheAmericanSouth.ThephotographerandthewriterdecidedtoproduceabooktotellAmericansaboutsomeofthosepoorcountrypeopleoftheSouth.Theytraveledthrougheightstates,fromSouthCarolinatoLouisiana.Theirbook,Yo
8、uHaveSeenTheirFaces,waspublishedinnineteenthirty-seven.Itwasagreatsuccess.Caldwellswordswerebeautiful.ButBourke-Whitespicturescouldhavetoldthestorybythemselves.TheyshowedthefacesofpeopleinalandthatstillworethemaskofdefeatinAmericasCivilWar.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Innineteenthirty-eight,somecountriesinEurope
9、wereclosetowar.Bourke-WhiteandCaldwellwenttheretoreportontheseevents.Theyproducedanotherbooktogether;thistimeaboutCzechoslovakia.ItwascalledNorthoftheDanube.ThenextyearMargaretBourke-WhiteandErskineCaldwellweremarried.Theycontinuedtoworktogether.Bythespringofnineteenforty-one,Europehadbeenatwarforay
10、earandahalf.Bourke-WhiteandCaldwellwenttotheSovietUnion.Theyweretheonlyforeignreportersthere.Forsixweeks,Bourke-WhitetookpicturesoftheSovietpeoplepreparingforwar.Then,onenightinJuly,SovietofficialsannouncedthatGermanbomberplaneswereflyingtowardMoscow.Nocivilianswerepermittedtostayabovegroundbecauseo
11、fthecomingattacks.VOICETWO:Asotherswerehurryingtosafety,Bourke-Whiteplacedseveralcamerasinthewindowofherhotelroom.Shesetthecamerassotheywouldremainopentothelightofthenightsky.Thenshejoinedtheothersinroomsunderthehotel.Whileshewaitedforthebombingattacktoend,hercamerasrecordedtheexplosions,whichlitupt
12、herooftopsofthecity.Beforeleavingthecountry,Bourke-WhitereceivedpermissiontomeetwithSovietleaderJosephStalin.ShereturnedhomewithhispictureandaseriesofotherphotographicessaysforLifemagazine.ShealsohadenoughmaterialforabookonthewarintheSovietUnion.MargaretBourke-WhitesmarriagetoErskineCaldwellendedind
13、ivorceinnineteenforty-two.VOICEONE:DuringWorldWarTwo,shebecameanofficialphotographerwiththeUnitedStatesArmy.HerphotographsweretobeusedjointlybythemilitaryandbyLifemagazine.ShewasthefirstwomantobepermittedtoworkincombatareasduringWorldWarTwo.Bourke-WhiteflewwithAmericanbomberplanesinEnglandastheyprep
14、aredtoattackenemytargetsontheEuropeancontinent.ShewantedtoflywiththeArmytoNorthAfrica,wheretheallieswerefightingGermantroopsinthedesert.Butthecommandinggeneraltoldheritwouldbetoodangerous.SoshesailedforNorthAfricainstead.BeforeshereachedtheAfricancoast,enemybombshittheshipandsankit.Analliedwarshipre
15、scuedBourke-WhiteandtheothersurvivorsandtookthemtoAlgeria.VOICETWO:TheincidentdidnotstopBourke-Whitefromreportingonthewar.SheflewinanalliedbombingattackonaGermanairfieldatElAouinainTunisia.SheflewovertheterriblefightingintheCassinoValleyinItaly.AndshemovedalongtheRhineRiverwiththeUnitedStatesThirdAr
16、my,underthecommandofGeneralGeorgePatton.Attheendofthewar;shewaswithAmericantroopswhentheyenteredandfreedseveralNazideathcamps.ShetookphotographsoftheprisonersintheBuchenwalddeathcampinGermanyinnineteenforty-five.1.ater;shewroteaboutthewar.Shesaidshesometimespulledanimaginaryclothacrosshereyesasshewo
17、rked.Inthedeathcamps,shesaidztheclothwassothickthatshedidnotreallyknowwhatshewasphotographinguntilshesawthefinishedpictures.InadditiontoherstoriesforLifemagazine,Bourke-WhitepublishedbooksonthealliedcampaigninItalyandonthefallofNaziGermany.(MUSIC)VOICEONE:Afterthewar,LifemagazinesentMargaretBourke-W
18、hitetoIndia.ShestayedforthreeyearsasIndiapreparedforitsindependencefromBritain.ShephotographedthebattlesbetweenMuslimsandHindus.AndshemetwiththeleaderofIndiasnon-violentcampaignforindependence,MohandasGandhi.ShemadeafamousphotographofhimcalledGandhiatHisSpinningWheel.ShewasthelastpersontophotographG
19、andhibeforehewasmurderedinnineteenforty-eight.VOICETWO:Afterthat,Bourke-WhitetraveledtoSouthAfrica.Herjobwastotellthestoryoftheblackpeoplewhoworkedinthecountrysgoldmines.Togetthepicturesshewanted,shefollowedtheworkersdeepintotheminetunnels.Intheearlynineteenfifties,shewenttoKoreatophotographtheeffec
20、tsofwarontheKoreanpeople.ShetookafamousphotographofareturningsoldierreunitedwithhismotherinSouthKoreainnineteenfifty-two.ThemotherhadbelievedthathersonhadbeenkilledseveralmonthsearlierintheKoreanWar.VOICEONE:MargaretBourke-Whitetriedtomakeherpicturesperfect.Often,shewasnotsatisfiedwithwhatshehaddone
21、.Shewouldlookatherpicturesandseesomethingshehadfailedtodo,orsomethingshehadnotdoneright.Reachingperfectionwasnoteasy.Manythingsgotinthewayofherwork.Shesaid:Thereisonlyonemomentwhenapictureisthere.Andamomentlater;itisgoneforever.Mymemoryisfullofthosepicturesthatwerelost.(MUSIC)VOICETWO:MoreofMargaret
22、Bourke-Whitesbeautifulpicturesweretobelost,soonerthananyoneexpected.Inthemiddlenineteenfifties,shebegantosufferfromtheeffectsofParkinsonsdisease.Herhandsshooksobadlythatshecouldnotholdacamera.Shewroteabookaboutherlife,calledPortraitofMyself.And,eventhoughshewasunabletotakephotographs,shecontinuedtow
23、orkforLifemagazineuntilnineteensixty-nine.Shediedinnineteenseventy-oneattheageofsixty-seven.MargaretBourke-Whitewasawomandoingwhathadbeenamansjob.Herworktookheraroundtheworld,fromfactoriestobattlefields.Herlifewasfullofadventure.Shewasoneofthemostimportantphotographersofthetwentiethcentury.(THEME)VOICEONE:ThisprogramwaswrittenbyShelleyGollust.ItwasproducedbyLawanDavis.mBarbaraKlein.VOICETWO:AndmSteveEmber.JoinusagainnextweekforPeopleinAmericainVOASpecialEnglish.
